For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2. Seeing as the content of working papers are subject to change, make sure you put the date of access. Do not use conjunctions (e.g. [2] For example, if you used a book as a source that was written by Harry Potter and Luna Lovegood, your Works Cited entry would start "Potter, Harry." Use [ ] if the dateofpublication is needed to find the article eg. If the book has more than one volume, you should follow the volume number with the publication details. Neither do citations of cases with a neutral citation. When citing a case, youll usually begin with a neutral citation a way of referring to the case that does not relate to a particular report and then give the details of the report afterwards. For a case, cite in full the first time. Alison L Young, 'In Defence of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. Each source only needs to be listed once, even if you have referred to it multiple times. Analysis pieces and Case/Legislative comments only go to an external peer reviewer if internal Edinburgh Law School faculty and/or PhD candidates lack the expertise to provide an adequate review. See3.4.11 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. SCRIPTeds in-house Article template should be used for all submissions except Book Reviews, i.e. It is the Law referencing system created by Oxford University. If the subsequent citation is directly after the full citation, simply use the term ibid. Also consider elements of the style advice for websites and blogs (section 3.4.8). Paragraphs following headings are not indented, but continuing paragraphs are. In most cases journal titles have both a volume number and a year so round brackets will normally be used. Author, 'Title' (Additonal information, edition if later than first, Publisher day Month year if available) page number if required. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader". Subsequent citations of secondary sources: use the author's or authors' surname(s): 1. The author must change any references in these formats into the SCRIPTed house style, and use footnotes accordingly. Authors may provide an English translation of their submission, in which case both versions will be published (if they wish). You must enter the date that you accessed the article. Authors should provide an abstract of 250 words or fewer, which will appear under the listing of the published version. Deb is short for debate, vol for volume, and col for column. If the information is available in print, reference the print version. If referring to comments by someone in particular, add that information as you would a pinpoint, before the url. The President of the Supreme Court should be abbreviated as, for example, Lord Brown P; the Deputy President as Lord Brown DP. statutes and so on), as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, websites and policy statements . If neither of these is the case, use J for judge, e.g. For detailed If the case is not yet reported it should be cited with a reference to the relevant notice in the Official Journal: EC Commission v Ireland, Case C-134/89, [1989] OJ L145/1. when there is no volume number). Only do this if paragraph numbers are explicitly used in the text. If you have included the case name in the text, you do not have to include the case names in the footnote: For articles with multiple authors, use the first name and surname for up to three authors, separated by an (Oxford) comma and and (e.g. Case citations including neutral citations: Alison L Young, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. Rowan Cruft, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637. If the case name is included in the text, omit it in the footnote. When you make a reference to a judge in a case, use the judges surname followed by the conventional abbreviation identifying their judicial office. Up to three authors are included in a Harvard in-text citation. Preferred journal abbreviations can be checked on the. For multiple authors or editors, follow the rules outlined in Journal Articles, above. the name of the journal in roman, in full or abbreviated form, with no full stops; and. Author,Title of book(First published publication year, Edition if late than first, publisher, publication year) page if required. If DOI is unknown then enter the URL of the online journal. John Smith; Edinburgh; European Union; Scottish Enlightenment), but not for other terms. The list is organised by type of source, and then alphabetically. Trevor Bench-Capon, Transition Systems for Designing and Reasoning about Norms (2015) 23(4), Michel Foucault, The Subject and Power (1982) 8(4), 2023 SCRIPTed DOI: 10.2966/scrip ISSN: 1744-2567, Territoriality in Intellectual Property Law: Examining the Tension between Securing Societal Goals and Treating Intellectual Property as an Investment Asset, Copyright in AI-generated works: Lessons from recent developments in patent law. If online journals lack some of the publication elements for OSCOLA, follow the citation advice of the online journal. when the previous footnote was also about that source), you can simply use ibid (Latin for in the same place): In this example, the second footnote also refers to Davis v Dignam, but to page 522 instead of page 519. When you refer to the same source you have just referred to (i.e. 1 Robert Stevens, Torts and Rights (OUP 2007). The only Latin term that is acceptable to use within the OSCOLA style is ibid, for the instances when you are referring to the same source in consecutive footnotes. If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by and others. Book. Each primary word should begin with a capital letter (e.g. Anderson W and Weatherburn P, 'Treatment Information Needs of People Living with HIV' (Research report Nam Publications 1996). 3.4.1) suggest the following form for citing podcasts, YouTube videos and similar sources: Author, Title (publication date) accessed xx month 2014. It was the thirteenth judgement issued by the House of Lords (UKHL) in 2008. . Ibid., p. 25). List the edition (abbreviated to edn) when it is stated on the title page. Please ensure there is a full stop at the end of every footnote. Laurie,Genetic Privacy,supra n. 24, p. 3 or Laurie and Dove, Consent and Anonymisation,supran. 25, pp. It is good practice to use cross citation as little as possible. Journal articles Start with the article author (first name/initial then surname, multiple authors to be treated as per books), then the article title in single quotes. OSCOLA Referencing Style. For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 1.1 and 1.2. You should give the name of the case in full when you first mention it in the text or footnotes. World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization) and when quoting text that uses the American spelling. Intellectual Property Law in Scotland). ), Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), available at, Mike Morel, A Brief Chance for Better UK Data Protection Law (Open Rights Group, 8 May 2017), available at, Sarah Butler and Gwyn Topham, Uber Should Lost its Licence if it Doesnt Improve Workers Rights, Say Drivers (The Guardian, 9 May 2017), available at. If no individual author is identified, but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility for the work, then cite it as the author. hbbd``b`ADk$,A"z g $qYq# More than 3 authors For sources with multiple authors. For example, in the following citation, the first number refers to the page on which the report begins, while the second number pinpoints the passage youre referring to: Where available, paragraph numbers should be used instead of page numbers. You remember that in all those pages of research, you forgot to reference the sources you used. Author (s) Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal Author Surname * Author Firstname OR Initial (s) * For articles with multiple authors, use the first name and surname for up to three authors, separated by an (Oxford) comma and "and . Bibliography: For further references to the case, use a short form of the case name and a cross-citation in brackets to the original footnote. Use col or cols for column(s). Use the following format to cite cases. You should refer to the year the Act was passed rather than the year it came into force. Alison L Young, In Defence of Due Deference (2009) 72 MLR 554. Where there are multiple parties in cases, you should name only the first claimant and the first defendant. Scribbr. List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. And then it happens. Use the following abbreviations: Official notices of the EU are in the Official Journal of the European Communities (which is abbreviated to OJ). Cases are written in a similar format here and in the main text; the only difference is the names of the parties involved are not italicised in the table of cases: The table of legislation includes all legal sources used other than cases for example, bills, Acts of Parliament and SIs. 'Serving Magistrates 2013' (The Judicial Office 2013). You should then follow the title with publication information in brackets. The rules for referring to parts of statutory instruments are the same as those referring to parts of statues. Speaker (if a direct quote)/Presenter, 'Title of the programme' (Radio station, date of the programme). No comma should appear between the word Act and the year. If referring to a different page in the same source, use Ibid., followed by a comma and the number of the relevant page (e.g. The year combines with the serial number to make an SI number that follows the abbreviations SI, which we use to identify the legislation. In round brackets, the city of publication, followed by a colon, the publisher, followed by a comma, and the year of publication (e.g. This rule applies for all conjunctions (including IP, IT, ICT, etc). The Chancellor of the High Court should be abbreviated as Sir John Brown C, and Presidents of the Queens Bench Division and Family Division as Sir Brown P. JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64, 2. You should show the reader that you have used a range of sources in your work, which they could then find themselves. SCRIPTed uses the Oxford comma, e.g. Paul Craig, Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440. See page 10-11 of the 4th edition of OCSCOLA. List in the bibliography in alphabetical order under Secondary Sources. 35-36. Use ( )if the date of publication is NOT needed to find the article eg. In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. 6. For subsequent citation of statutes or regulations (including EU legislation), please cite the shortened name (if commonly used), and relevant section or article, e.g. See3.2.3 OSCOLA 4th edn for more details. Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. The examples below include a suggestion for citing the comments of a particular person. Use HL for the House of Lords, CA for the Court of Appeal, QB, CH and F for the division of the High Court, and Com Ct for the Commercial Court within the Queens Bench Division. Please also consult the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) for correct spellings. ), For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2.2. The number is displayed in superscript (i.e. Information to include: 'Serving Magistrates by HMCTS Region, England and Wales, 31 March 2013, Diversity statistics and general overview 2013: (The Judicial Office 2013). 0 For an Authored Book (i) By a single author: Name of the Author, | Title of the Book | More than one author If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. To pinpoint, simply include a page number at the end of your reference, in addition to any page numbers already included. For more detailed information see OSCOLA 2.1.7. Put a comma after the first page of the article if there is a pinpoint. Eg, the Director of Public Prosecutions should appear as DPP not D.P.P. Say goodbye to inaccurate citations! Taylor & Francis Standard Reference Style: OSCOLA The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities is designed to facilitate accurate citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal materials. Certain older books are listed by OSCOLA as works of authority and given special abbreviated citations. Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). 1. by ), Genes and Common Disease: Genetics in Modern Medicine (Cambridge: CUP, 2007). If youre citing a case before 1865, it doesnt require the court. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Repeating Citations Subsequent citations The first time a source is mentioned, you must give the citation in full. If you cant find a judgement in the Law Reports, you should cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Law Reports. . If you are referring to a particular Act a number of times in the same place, you can provide an abbreviated form of the title in the footnotes, as long as you let your reader know in advance. Dual-band photodetectors (DBPDs) have played an essential role in multispectral information monitoring, including civil and military areas. zR=S7nm9LjQtl3osesk'$CY'o/.Tk1wl^+WO]d6zAv#%uS59?\+M=ow3NI1jHNuG*E. x$G'Fe#{gEq&**p[wSRgG=ar\. In England and Wales, there are no official law reports of any kind, but the Law Report series by the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting are considered the most authoritative. An example of a footnote for an online article: James Gobert, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' author, | title | [year] | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article,| specific page referred to, author, | title | (year) | volume | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article. Journal articles. Gunther Teubner, Legal Irritants: Good Faith in British Law or How Unifying Law Ends up in New Divergences [1998] MLR 11. Jack Caulfield. Lecturer, School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, [email protected]). As with bills, write HC for the House of Commons and HL for the House of Lords. ABC, para. 4th ed.) if applicable; and. You need to be very precise when using quotations. For example. You do not need to use the Honourable. Ensure that all punctuation is within the quotes (e.g. 26 Stevens (n 1) 110. Report of the Secretary-General (22 August 2013) UN Doc A/68/341. The full citation need only be given at the first reference to the case, which should also provide the shorthand reference to be used in subsequent citations. Otherwise, follow the rules for Books. Quotes in a foreign language should normally appear in English translation, but the original text may also be reproduced if it is necessary that the text be examined closely. If only available on the web, reference as follows: In the bibliography, list in Secondary Sources. Subsequent citations may use the abbreviated form. When a Bill is reprinted at any stage it is given a new running number. Use the following format: Maincontributor [Role of main contributor],'Title of programme' [Television series episode] in Title of series (Additional information if required, Publisher, Year ). GDPR, Recital 25. The standard requires providing the authors' names in full in references and in the reverse form with initials in footnotes. List alphabetically in author order in secondary sources, giving the authors surname first. In OSCOLA referencing, referring to a specific page number within a source is called pinpointing. It is widely used in law schools and by journal and book publishers in the UK and beyond. Be sure that quotation marks are consistent (e.g. When citing more than one paragraph, place the numbers in square brackets. When you cite hard copy journal articles, give the authors name first, followed by a comma. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. An example of a typical case citation with a neutral citation is: Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884. Quotes within such quotes should be presented with double quotation marks (). Author,Title in Italics(edition, publisher date) page. Our comprehensive guide refers to the 4th edition of OSCOLA produced by the University of Oxford. The footnote reference should appear after punctuation marks, not before (e.g. To ensure that only submissions of the highest quality are published, the journal employs the following referee system: All submissions are first considered by the Managing Editor to determine if they are suitable. Graham Greenleaf, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010. https://libguides.ials.sas.ac.uk/referencing, Practical tips on using library resources. Authors are responsible for ensuring that necessary amendments are carried out in light of Referee recommendations. Original source cited again but with different page numbers For those where multiple volumes appear in one year, the year appears in square brackets. An OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities) citation for a journal article includes the author name (s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). Herberg J, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989), UNICEF Country programme document: China (10 August 2015) E/ICEF/2015/P/L.22, UNHCR Assistance to refugees, returnees and displaced persons in Africa. When citing personal communications, such as emails and letters, give the author and recipient of the communication, and the date. Online harms and Carolines Law whats the direction for the law reform? Below you will find guidance and examples of how to set out a footnote reference to a book with two or threeauthorsandin the bibliography. A Court of Appeal Judge who is Lord or Lady Smith should be referred to asSmith LJ. Author, 'Web page title' (Website in Italics, Full Date) accessed Date. For subsequent citation of cases, please cite the name of the first party only and the relevant paragraph, e.g. Square brackets [ ] are used when theyear is crucial to identify the relevant volume of the journal(e.g. If no individual author is identified, but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility for the work, then cite it as the author. Attempts to accommodate all internationally recognised character sets will be made where feasible. If there is a direct quote/speaker, reverse the author's name as usual. Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser. 2006). Do not use punctuation when using an abbreviation. when footnote 34 says, supran. 25, make sure that footnote 25 contains the information that it should). Conference Reports and Book Reviews are not externally peer reviewed; they are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and/or Managing Editor only. The Assistant Editor is responsible for sending the submission to at least two recognised experts for independent, external peer review. A bibliography lists all your secondary sources that is, everything other than cases and legislation. For older statutes, you can give the regnal year and chapter number. Citations of provisions should be abbreviated as follows: Where the reference is the first word in a sentence or footnote, the full word should be used, e.g. Section instead of s.. A High Court judge should be called, for example, Mr Justice Brown, or, if a woman (and regardless of whether she is married) Mrs Justice Smith). The first time a statute is cited its full title should be used, together with the calendar year. This will be the case for virtually all articles found in Westlaw, Lexis and Hein Online. Normann Witzleb and others No author A hyphen - should be used as a word separator (e.g. If no person, organisation or institution claims responsibility for the work, begin the citation with the title. When pinpointing (referring to a specific page in an article) put the first page of the article followed by a comma, a space and the page of the pinpoint. Paragraph numbers appear in square brackets and can be used for pinpointing in the same way as page numbers: Note that if youre pinpointing a judges comments within a case report, you include the name of the judge, and some special terms and abbreviations are used in the citation and in the text. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, andis widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. To cite a print journaluse the following, The bibliography is the same format as the footnote except that. If there is no clear author, give the organisation providing the source as the author. His Lordship opined thatthe pursuers case failed.. Article to art.; articles to arts., Paragraph to para.; paragraphs to paras., Schedule to sch.; schedules to schs., Regulation to reg.; regulations to regs., Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (hereinafter GDPR), Mireille Hildebrandt, Law as an Affordance: The Devil is in the Vanishing Point(s) (2017) 4(1), Langdon Winner, Do Artifacts Have Politics?(1980). OSCOLA abbreviates a wide range of legal sources and institutions. hjI_a/wM )B=:iq~I# o )'E-e>(-2GYYp,e`3& +gn%=~/WE5k}}Vm*e,e^*zGnAy Referencing is an essential part of academic writing. author, Title of chapter' in editor (ed), title in italics(additional information,publisheryear). R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte Factortame, [1991] ECR I-3905 (ECJ). Summer School 2023 is filling up fast. Use a short version of the title if the full title is longer than three words. Use the short title and refer to specific sections of the Act eg.